Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment
Technology is one of key words of in people’s lives. In the
near future, a subdivision of technology which is nanotechnology
will have an important role. Bio-products, tools, devices, materials
are influenced from consequences of research and developments on
nanotechnology.With nanotechnology; more useful devices, better drugs for
diseases,more appropriate materials for construction will be
developed.Nanotechnology will also affect medicine and other life
sciences.
The numbers of research in cancer treatment with
nano technologically modified drugs are increasing day to day and have had some
good results on this issue. Nanotechnological improvements can be
used for cancer patients; because nanotechnology can be used for
better cancer diagnosis, more efficient drug delivery to tumor cells, and
molecular targeted cancer therapy.First of all, nanotechnology can be used for better cancer
diagnosis.One of the main usage fields of optical nanoparticles is to
allow better cancer detection. To start with, classical methods
that are used in diagnosis have limitations. Classified methods such as
X-rays, tomography or mammography require using mutagenic agents oncells that cause cancer, too. To eliminate these concerns, optical
nanoparticlesin diagnosis is possible technique that can be used. This techniqueworks with special dyes to interact with tumor cells and
optical nanoparticles can be detected. Preparing a nanoparticulate
drug system which has to ability to be photo excited to produce singlet oxygen
for detection and therapy is better than classical systems. Such interaction shows that, the
detection of cancer with optical nanoparticles is new and developing subject,
but it has considerable benefits for diagnosis.
In addition to optical nanoparticles, ICG (Indocyonine
Green) can also be used in cancer diagnosis. The binding properties of
ICG make possible technique in tumor detection. ICG molecules can
interact with plasma proteins such as albumin, lipoproteins and
globulins; since this allows ICG to have around the bloodstream. Because of amphiphilic property of ICG molecules
give ability to interact with lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules. ICG
molecules are also fluorescent molecules that with these
characteristics of ICG are used for detection of tumors. From these properties,
tumors and tumor-free areas can be detected in cancer diagnosis. It is
a convenient way in diagnosis; thus very small tumors can be seen with
fluorescence signals. To have
better detection of tumor cells, the sensitivity of diagnosis techniques must be considered, and
nanoscale solutions in diagnosis are very sensitive and have shown to
be less harmful to patients.
Secondly, nanotechnology can be used for more efficient drug delivery system to tumors. One of the significant missions
of passive liposomal drug delivery is to cancer cells. Liposome
molecules are easily diffused into the cells; since their structures and
cell membrane structure can interact very well while drug uptake process.
The EPR (Enhanced Permeation and Retention) effect is the concept
that liposomes remain the bloodstream for a long time and are
collected passively from tumor cells. Via the EPR effect, concomitant
in toxicity problems of therapy are relatively solved as lower and
repeated dose
of liposomal drugs. Moreover, these liposomal drugs with RES relatively break away immune recognition; so drugs are
able to remain in bloodstream.
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